The Artemis 1 rocket element of the project will launch the Orion spacecraft and its European Space Agency-supplied Orion service module into space, out of Earth orbit, and onto a trajectory toward the moon in only one hour and 36 minutes.
Orion will quickly return to a far-off orbit around the moon after a close flyby at a height of just 60 miles for two weeks of testing and checkout.
If all goes according to plan, the capsule will fall back toward the moon for another close flyby, setting up a swift drop back to Earth and a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.
In 2024, NASA intends to deploy four people on a looping around-the-moon voyage as a follow-up to the Artemis 1 mission, laying the groundwork for the first human landing in over 50 years, somewhere around the south pole. In the years 2025–2026, the first man and the second man could set foot on the moon.
Future astronauts may be able to “mine” that ice if it is extant and accessible, turning it into oxygen, water, and even rocket fuel to significantly lower the cost of deep space travel. It is thought that there may be ice deposits in lunar craters close to the pole.
In general, Artemis astronauts will conduct in-depth exploration and study to find out more about the moon’s creation and development as well as to test the equipment and processes needed to transport people to Mars.
But before launching Artemis 1, NASA must demonstrate that the rocket and capsule will function as intended.
The Artemis 1 mission’s objective is to test the Orion spacecraft’s solar power, propulsion, navigation, and life support systems before its October 10 return to Earth and a 25,000 mph dive back into the atmosphere that would expose its protective heat shield to a horrifying 5,000 degrees.
The primary objective of the Artemis 1 mission is to test the heat shield and ensure that it can defend people returning from deep space.