Think of the G20 as the world’s group project—except this one involves presidents, prime ministers, and key international decision-makers shaping how the global economy runs.

It’s not just about money, though; the G20 tackles everything from climate change to public health, trade, and sustainable development.

This global forum isn’t just another diplomatic gathering.

It plays a crucial role in encouraging cooperation among countries that hold most of the world’s economic power.

Who’s in the Club?

The G20 includes 19 countries plus two major regional unions: the European Union and, as of recently, the African Union.

So, who’s in?

Here’s the list:

Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
France
Germany
India
Indonesia
Italy
Japan
Republic of Korea
Mexico
Russia
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
European Union
African Union

Together, these members make up about 87% of global GDP, account for 62% of the world’s population, and contribute to more than 75% of global trade.

That’s a whole lot of influence.

South Africa Takes the Lead in 2025

From December 1, 2024, to November 30, 2025, South Africa will be taking the driver’s seat as the G20 President.

This means South Africa will be setting the agenda, hosting meetings, and ultimately holding the big annual G20 Summit in Johannesburg on November 22–23, 2025.

This is a big moment for the continent, and especially for South Africa, which now has a chance to help shape global economic conversations directly from African soil.

What Happens During a G20 Year?

Throughout the year, officials from each member country meet regularly to hash out solutions for economic issues, environmental concerns, digital transformation, health crises, and more.

The G20 doesn’t just talk shop—it tries to come up with real strategies to deal with global challenges and ensure long-term, inclusive growth.

It’s Not Just Leaders—Meet the Engagement Groups

The G20 doesn’t operate in a vacuum.

There are several engagement groups made up of people like scientists, young leaders, startups, and women’s organizations who feed ideas and concerns into the bigger discussion.

Here’s a quick breakdown of who’s who:

B20 – Business community
C20 – Civil society and NGOs
JC20 – Judicial systems
O20 – Ocean protection
P20 – Parliamentary dialogue
S20 – Science academies
SAI20 – Supreme Audit Institutions
Startup20 – Entrepreneurs and startup ecosystem
T20 – Think tanks
U20 – City representatives
W20 – Women’s voices
Y20 – Youth leaders

Each group plays a role in sharing ideas, highlighting gaps, and holding leaders accountable.