A California-based psychologist has shed light on subtle behaviors that might indicate an undiagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults.
Dr. Kim Sage, who only realized she likely had autism herself a few years ago, says many adults are unaware they are on the autism spectrum, despite the rising prevalence of diagnoses.
Autism in Adults Is More Common Than You Think
In the United States, more than 5.4 million adults are estimated to have ASD, with recent research indicating that more young adults are being diagnosed.
According to a study by Rutgers, nearly a quarter of teenagers with autism go undiagnosed, often continuing into adulthood without awareness of their condition.
Stimming Behaviors and Other Habits
One of the most recognizable signs of autism is “stimming,” or repetitive behaviors such as body movements.
Dr. Sage explains that while stimming is often associated with severe actions like head-banging or rocking, it can also present in less obvious ways.
Common examples include constant hair twirling, fiddling with jewelry, or repeatedly playing with a soft blanket or pen caps.
These habits, although subtle, are often used to self-soothe and regulate emotions.
However, Dr. Sage points out that some stimmers may develop negative habits, like skin picking or nail biting.
Other repetitive actions may include making mouth sounds, tapping nails, or repeatedly listening to the same song.
Stimming Is Not Unique to Autistic People
Dr. Sage emphasizes that stimming is not exclusive to people with autism.
“Everyone stims to some degree,” she says, noting that many non-autistic individuals also engage in repetitive behaviors.
However, in those with autism, stimming can be a powerful tool for self-regulation, helping individuals manage feelings of anxiety, overstimulation, or boredom.
The Importance of Stimming for Autistic Individuals
For many autistic individuals, stimming serves as a coping mechanism when feeling overwhelmed.
According to the Drake Institute of Neurophysical Medicine in California, autistic people use stimming to manage emotions or reduce pain.
Though stimming is generally harmless, it can sometimes be misunderstood by others, leading to social challenges or even physical harm if the behaviors become extreme, such as excessive head-banging or skin-picking.
The Struggles of Socializing for Autistic Adults
In her TikTok videos, Dr. Sage also highlights how socializing can be a significant source of stress for autistic adults.
Many people with autism struggle to interpret social cues and engage in complex social interactions, leading to feelings of confusion, anxiety, and exhaustion.
After social situations, they often need time alone to recover.
Dr. Sage notes that autistic individuals might prefer spending time alone or with just one person at a time, rather than in large groups or unfamiliar environments.
Health Issues That May Be Linked to Autism
Dr. Sage also points out a connection between autism and autoimmune diseases.
Many undiagnosed autistic adults may experience a range of health problems, including allergies, autoimmune disorders, chronic pain, and gastrointestinal issues.
Research suggests that there is a significant correlation between autism and the development of these conditions.
Autism Often Misdiagnosed as Other Mental Health Conditions
Autism is frequently misdiagnosed as other mental health conditions, such as bipolar disorder, depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Dr. Sage emphasizes how the complexities of autism can make it difficult for healthcare professionals to properly diagnose.
Autism used to be categorized into different types, such as Asperger’s syndrome or childhood autism, but these diagnoses have now been unified under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Treatment Options for Adults with Autism
For adults with autism, Dr. Sage explains that there are various treatment options available to address individual needs.
These can include psychotherapy, counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), social skills training, and occupational therapy.
Tailored treatment plans can help autistic adults better manage their daily lives and address the challenges they face.
Dr. Sage’s insights offer valuable guidance for those who may be struggling with undiagnosed autism, providing a clearer understanding of the condition’s signs and how to seek help.