Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), commonly prescribed to treat acid reflux, may be causing more harm than good for millions of people, according to a leading UK-based GP.
Dr. Ahmed Abd Elbary has warned that many patients who rely on these medications may only realize the risks when they try to stop taking them—and the symptoms of acid reflux worsen dramatically.
The Hidden Dangers of Stopping Proton Pump Inhibitors
PPIs, which include popular medications like omeprazole and lansoprazole, are among the most frequently prescribed drugs worldwide.
In fact, the NHS dispensed 73 million prescriptions in England alone in 2022-23. These drugs work by reducing the amount of stomach acid, helping to alleviate symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and pain.
However, Dr. Elbary explains that when patients attempt to stop taking PPIs, the stomach compensates by producing even more acid, leading to a phenomenon known as “rebound acid hypersecretion.”
As a result, reflux symptoms can become even more intense than before, making it extremely difficult for people to come off the medication.
He adds, “The rebound effect can actually be worse than the initial symptoms that led to taking the medication in the first place.”
This is why it’s crucial for patients to be informed about this potential side effect before starting the medication.
Dr. Elbary advises against suddenly stopping or changing any medication without consulting a doctor.
The Risks of Long-Term Use of Acid Reflux Medication
Although PPIs can provide quick relief for heartburn and acid reflux, they should ideally only be used for a short period, usually one to two months.
Prolonged use of these medications can lead to a variety of health concerns, including an increased risk of osteoporosis, a condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle.
Studies suggest that staying on PPIs long-term may reduce the stomach’s ability to absorb calcium, which is essential for maintaining bone strength.
Moreover, taking PPIs for an extended period may also lead to nutrient deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin B12, which is critical for nerve function and the production of healthy blood cells.
In rare cases, long-term use has even been linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer.
Other Medications With Severe Withdrawal Effects
While PPIs are a major concern, Dr. Elbary also highlighted other medications that may lead to severe withdrawal symptoms.
One such drug is venlafaxine, an antidepressant that belongs to the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) class.
Although venlafaxine is highly effective in treating depression and anxiety, stopping it can be incredibly difficult, and the withdrawal symptoms can be intense.
Dr. Elbary cautions, “Venlafaxine is one of the hardest antidepressants to stop taking, and that’s why it’s rarely given as a first choice.”
Side effects of withdrawal from venlafaxine can include headaches, fatigue, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. S
ome patients may experience withdrawal symptoms for months, according to updated NHS guidelines.
Benzodiazepines: A Commonly Prescribed Sedative with Dangerous Withdrawal Effects
Another class of medications that can cause severe withdrawal symptoms is benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam and diazepam, commonly prescribed for anxiety and insomnia.
While these drugs are effective in the short term, they come with a high risk of dependency.
Dr. Elbary explains that patients can develop tolerance to these medications quickly, and once dependency is formed, it becomes incredibly challenging to stop using them.
“These medications are highly effective, but the risk of developing dependence is significant,” he says.
“Once someone has been on them for a long time, weaning off them can be extremely difficult and even dangerous.”
Health authorities have recognized this risk, and in 2019, they urged doctors to limit the prescription of benzodiazepines due to concerns over addiction and withdrawal complications.
A Growing Concern in Medicine
The increasing awareness of the dangers of prolonged medication use has led to a broader conversation about prescription habits.
With many people unknowingly becoming dependent on medications like PPIs, venlafaxine, and benzodiazepines, it’s more important than ever for patients to consult with their doctors about the risks of long-term drug use and explore alternative treatments when possible.
Dr. Elbary encourages individuals to discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider to make informed decisions about their medications and avoid unnecessary risks.